English is filled with small word variations that confuse even seasoned writers. One such pair is “afterward” vs “afterwards.” At first glance, they seem identical—but are they really? Understanding the difference is important for anyone aiming to write with clarity, especially in professional, academic, or international contexts. While both words function as adverbs meaning at a later time, their usage often depends on regional spelling and editorial style guides.
So, which version should you use? Is there a grammatical rule behind the choice, or is it purely stylistic? In this article, we’ll break down their definitions, explore American vs British English preferences, provide usage examples, and offer synonyms and context-based alternatives. Whether you’re learning English, editing content, or enhancing your writing style, this guide will help you make the right choice every time.
Why Is There Confusion Between “Afterward” and “Afterwards”?
Let’s get this out of the way: both words are correct. That’s right—there’s no “wrong” choice between afterward and afterwards. But there is confusion, and it comes from a few common sources:
- Similar pronunciation: They sound nearly identical when spoken.
- Shared meaning: Both mean later in time or at a future point.
- Regional spelling habits: American and British English treat these words differently.
- Editorial inconsistency: Different publishers or platforms favor one form over the other.
People often assume that one version is more “formal,” “proper,” or “modern,” but none of these assumptions are grounded in grammar. Instead, the differences come down to style and geography.
What Do “Afterward” and “Afterwards” Actually Mean?
Both afterward and afterwards function as adverbs and convey the same basic meaning:
“At a later time” or “subsequently.”
Dictionary Definitions
Word | Dictionary Definition | Part of Speech |
Afterward | At a later or subsequent time. — Merriam-Webster | Adverb |
Afterwards | Happening at a time following an event. — Oxford | Adverb |
Whether you’re going to the movies afterward or afterwards, the meaning is still the same: you’re doing something later.
“Afterward” vs “Afterwards”: Is There a Difference?
From a grammatical standpoint? No.
From a stylistic or regional perspective? Yes.
Style Differences at a Glance:
Feature | Afterward (no “s”) | Afterwards (with “s”) |
Region | United States | United Kingdom, Australia |
Style | Slightly more modern | Slightly more traditional |
Tone (perception) | Concise, neutral | Story-like, flowing |
Frequency in texts | More common in US media | More common in UK novels |
British English vs American English: The Real Reason for the Spelling Shift
To understand why both versions exist, let’s zoom out and look at a broader spelling trend in English.
The “-ward” vs “-wards” Pattern
British English tends to add an “s” at the end of certain directional adverbs, while American English prefers the shorter form.
Here are some classic examples:
British English (with “s”) | American English (without “s”) |
towards | toward |
forwards | forward |
onwards | onward |
backwards | backward |
afterwards | afterward |
The meanings don’t change—but the spellings reflect regional conventions.
Real Usage Statistics
According to Google Ngram Viewer:
- “Afterward” dominates in American literature.
- “Afterwards” is far more common in British texts.
Quote from The Chicago Manual of Style:
“In American English, ‘afterward’ is preferred. The ‘-s’ version is chiefly British.”
Which One Should You Use: “Afterward” or “Afterwards”?
Still not sure which to choose? Here’s a quick guide based on context and audience.
Use “Afterward” If:
- You’re writing for an American audience.
- You’re following APA, Chicago, or MLA guidelines.
- You’re writing for the web, especially content-heavy blogs or corporate articles.
Use “Afterwards” If:
- You’re writing for a British, Australian, or South African audience.
- Your tone is narrative, literary, or conversational.
- You’re referencing classical or older British texts.
Editorial Tip:
If you’re writing for an international audience, pick one style and stick with it throughout your piece. That consistency boosts credibility and readability.
Examples in Real-Life Contexts
Let’s look at how these words are used naturally in sentences.
Examples Using “Afterward” (American English)
- We grabbed coffee afterward and discussed the project.
- He left the meeting and went home afterward.
- There was a surprise waiting for her afterward.
- Let’s take questions afterward.
Tone: Crisp, clean, business-friendly.
Examples Using “Afterwards” (British English)
- They had dinner and went for a walk afterwards.
- Afterwards, she felt a sense of peace.
- The team celebrated afterwards with drinks at the pub.
- He arrived late but joined us afterwards.
Tone: Flowing, descriptive, often used in storytelling.
Synonyms and Similar Terms
Looking to mix it up or avoid repetition? There are plenty of strong alternatives to “afterward” and “afterwards.”
Synonyms for Both “Afterward” and “Afterwards”
- Later
- Subsequently
- Then
- In the end
- At a later time
These work well in both casual and formal contexts.
More Specific Alternatives by Context
Context | Alternatives |
Storytelling | Later on, eventually, in time |
Formal writing | Subsequently, thereafter, at a later point |
Conversational | Then, next, from there |
Cause-and-effect | As a result, consequently, in return |
Using alternatives can help your writing sound varied and engaging, while still conveying the timeline clearly.
Word Origins: A Look into Their History
Language evolves, and these two adverbs offer a fascinating glimpse into English history.
Origins of “Afterward”
The word “afterward” comes from Middle English afterwarde, derived from Old English æfterweard.
- “æfter” = after
- “weard” = direction or ward
The “ward” suffix was used to imply motion or direction in time or space.
Origins of “Afterwards”
The “-s” ending was added in later Middle English, possibly under influence from adverbs like sometimes, always, and anyways (though the latter is now considered informal).
The “-s” ending became more popular in British English as a stylistic choice.
Fun Fact:
Even though both forms existed as early as the 14th century, regional printing practices solidified their distinctions during the 18th and 19th centuries—especially with the rise of American publishing houses like Webster’s Dictionary.
FAQs: Afterward vs Afterwards
1. How to use “afterward” and “afterwards”?
Use either to mean “later” or “following that.” Example: We went to dinner, and afterward, we took a walk.
2. Is “afterwards” American or British?
“Afterwards” is British English. Americans typically use “afterward” without the “s.”
3. When can I use “afterward”?
Use “afterward” in American English writing—especially in business, journalism, or academic contexts.
4. When should I use “afterwards”?
Use “afterwards” in British English or when writing in a conversational, narrative, or literary tone.
5. Where to put “afterwards”?
Place it at the end or middle of a sentence to show sequence. Example: She smiled afterwards. or Afterwards, she smiled.
Conclusion: Afterward vs Afterwards—What Really Matters
The debate between “afterward” and “afterwards” isn’t about right or wrong—it’s about audience, context, and consistency. Both words carry the exact same meaning: something happening later in time. The key difference? Regional preference. If you’re writing for an American audience, stick with afterward. For a British, Australian, or international audience, afterwards might feel more natural.
What matters most is keeping your writing clear, consistent, and tailored to your reader. Now that you understand the subtle differences, the historical background, and how to use both with confidence, you can make smart editorial choices—whether you’re crafting a blog post, a business email, or a novel.

Mia Rose is the grammar enthusiast and content creator behind GrammerHome.com, where she brings clarity to the often-confusing world of English grammar. With a strong background in language education and a passion for helping others, Mia’s writing style blends simplicity, depth, and a touch of charm.